*Does the future already exist, or is reality still unfolding?*
Michael Tooley argues for the growing block theory of time, proposing that the past and present are real while the future comes into existence only as events are caused.
0:00 Does Time Really Flow?
1:16 The Growing Block Theory of Time
3:10 Why Causation Defines Time
5:03 Can Time Be Explained by Causation?
12:05 Is the Past as Real as the Present?
15:07 Would God Be Inside or Outside Time?
20:04 Could God Know the Future?
*Michael Tooley* is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado Boulder. He received a Boulder Faculty Assembly Excellence in Research Award in 1998 for his book _Time, Tense, and Causation,_ and is the author of the new book _Causation: A Defense of a Non-Reductionist Approach_ (Oxford, 2026).
*More from Michael Tooley on Closer To Truth:*
* Closer To Truth: The Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFJr3pJl27pLLkP0kHQKL9nZh35UkgkR_
* What Things Really Exist? – CTT Interview Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFJr3pJl27pL23EJxiJggorKB66CHSAU-
* Closer To Truth contributors: https://closertotruth.com/contributor/michael-tooley/
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Closer To Truth, created and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn, presents the world’s greatest thinkers exploring humanity’s deepest questions. Discover fundamental issues of existence and sentience. Engage new and diverse ways of thinking. Appreciate intense debates. Share your own opinions. Seek your own answers.
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